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Identifying hammerstones and worked cobbles

Battered ends and pecked hollows — the tools that made other tools.

A hammerstone is a hard cobble used to strike flakes or crush material: look for concentrated battering and pitting on the ends or margins — crisp crushed zones quite different from river rolling, which smooths everything evenly.

Related humble tools include anvil stones (pitted central hollows), rubbers and polishers (one worn flat, silky face), and pot boilers — fire-crackled stones heated for cooking, showing crazed, reddened, angular fracture. Cupped stones with neat pecked depressions may be nutting stones or small mortars.

These identify by wear pattern, so describe exactly where the damage sits and what it looks like. A battered cobble alone is weak evidence; among flint waste or burnt mounds it completes a picture. Record dimensions, stone type, and each wear zone's position.

From the guide library inside Collectors Catalogues, a free app for cataloguing antiques and finds with honest, museum-grade records.

More on stone

Identifying worked stone — Flint, marble, and hardstone.

Identifying struck flint — The signatures of knapping.

Identifying obsidian — Volcanic glass tools.

Identifying hand axes — The Palaeolithic multi-tool — pear-shaped, worked on both faces.

Identifying scrapers and blades — The everyday flint toolkit — and how retouch separates tool from waste.

Identifying microliths — Tiny geometric flints that armed Mesolithic arrows.

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